Muva nje, ukhetho lukamongameli eDjibouti luqale ngokusemthethweni. Ngemva kokuvota, abavoti babonisa ngokuziqhenya iminwe yabo iphawulwe ngoyinki wokhetho—okuyinto evamile kodwa ethinta inhliziyo eziteshini zokuvota kulo lonke izwe. Nakuba ibonakala ijwayelekile, le yinki ekhethekile isetshenziswa emazweni angaphezu kwekhulu emhlabeni wonke ukuvikela ubuqotho bokhetho. Njengoba kunophawu olulodwa nje esicongweni somunwe, ubulungiswa kanye nokuba semthethweni kokhetho lwentando yeningi kuyaqinisekiswa.
Uyinki wokukhetha, owaziwa nangokuthi uyinki ongapheli, wakhiwe ngokuyinhloko nge-nitrate yesiliva.
Uyinki wokhetho, eyaziwa nangokuthi uyinki ongapheli, ikakhulukazi iqukethe i-nitrate yesiliva.
Uma isifakwe esandleni futhi ivezwe ekukhanyeni kwe-ultraviolet, ishiya uphawu oluhlala njalo esikhumbeni nasezinziphoni olungenakugezwa ngezindlela zokuhlanza ezivamile. Lolu phawu luphela kancane kancane njengoba isikhumba sizivuselela ngokwemvelo futhi izinzipho zikhula, inqubo evame ukuthatha amasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga.
Lolu phawu lungahlala izinyanga eziningi futhi ngeke luphele.
Kusukela ngo-1962, lolu hlobo lweyinki lwaqala ukusetshenziswa okhethweni olujwayelekile lwaseNdiya. Lwakhiwe yi-National Physical Laboratory yaseNdiya, manje seluthunyelwa emazweni angaphezu kuka-30 futhi seluyithuluzi elibalulekile lokulwa nokukhwabanisa okhethweni.
Eziteshini zokuvota, abasebenzi bokhetho bafaka uyinki ngokulinganayo emunweni wesobunxele noma eminweni emincane yabavoti, bemboza kokubili izinzipho kanye nombhede wezipikili. Lokhu kuvimbela ngempumelelo inkohliso yokhetho njengokuvota okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokuvota okuzimele.
Uhlelo Lokuthuthukiswa KweZizwe Ezihlangene luhlinzeke ngamabhodlela okhetho ayi-113,000uyinkingokhetho lukazwelonke lwaseMyanmar lwango-2020. Ngemva kokuhlolwa okuqinile, okuqukethwe yi-nitrate yesiliva yalezi ziyinki kwahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke. Ngisho nangemva kokugeza ngokuphindaphindiwe ngensipho nesihlanzi sezandla esisekelwe kutshwala, izimpawu zahlala zicacile futhi ziphelele.
Lo yinki waqala ukusetshenziswa okhethweni olujwayelekile lwaseNdiya ngo-1962.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe, i-inki yokukhetha nayo ithuthukiswe njalo. Namuhla, kunemikhiqizo engabonakali nje kuphela imibala ebonakalayo ngaphansi kokukhanya okuvamile kodwa futhi enezakhiwo ezivikela ukungcola ngogesi.
Uphawu lubonakala ngokucacile ngaphansi kokukhanya okuvamile, futhi uma lukhanyiswa ngesibani se-ultraviolet, kuvela iphethini ekhethekile ye-fluorescent, iletha imiphumela ethuthukisiwe yokulwa nokukhwabanisa. Uyinki awunabo ubuthi, awunangozi emzimbeni womuntu, futhi unobungani nemvelo. Leli bhodlela elincane likayinki lingaphezu nje kwethuluzi lokuvimbela ukukhwabanisa okhethweni—lisebenza “njengendondo” yabavoti abasebenzisa amalungelo abo entando yeningi, libonisa izifiso zomphakathi zokulunga nobulungiswa.
Kusukela e-Asia kuya e-Afrika, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusekhethweni likamongameli noma ezindaweni zokuvota zasendaweni, i-inki yokhetho ivikela ubuqotho bevoti ngalinye ngenxa yobulula bayo, ukusebenza kahle kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Lelo phawu elincane elisemnweni alibonisi nje kuphela ubuqotho bentando yeningi kodwa futhi lifakazela ukuphishekela ukhetho olufanele emhlabeni wonke, okwenza kube uphawu lwentando yeningi oluwela imingcele.
I-OBOOC ineminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-20 yesipiliyoni esikhethekile ekuhlinzekeni nge-inki yokhetho.
Njengomhlinzeki ochwepheshe wezinto zokhetho, i-Aobozuyinki wokhethoithole ukwethenjwa okukhulu emakethe ngenxa yokuphepha kwayo okuphezulu, ukuqina kwayo okuqinile kanye nokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kokulwa nokukhwabanisa.
Ngokuphathelene nolwazi lokuhlinzeka, lo mkhiqizo ubulokhu uhileleke kakhulu embonini iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 ngamandla amakhulu aqoqwe. Uhlinzeke ngezixazululo ze-inki ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zokhetho olukhulu njengokhetho lukamongameli kanye nolwababusi emazweni angaphezu kuka-30 kulo lonke elase-Asia nase-Afrika, uziqhenya ngolwazi olucebile lwenkonzo esebenzayo.
Ngokusebenza komkhiqizo, izinzuzo zawo eziyinhloko zivelele kakhulu: ngakolunye uhlangothi, isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezinhlayiya ze-nano-silver, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukufana kweyinki kanye nokunamathela kwesikhumba. Uphawu kunzima ukulususa ngezinto zokuhlanza ezivamile, ngokuthuthukiswa kombala okuzinzile futhi lungahlala izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kwezingama-30. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lufakwe ifomula yokomisa ngokushesha. Ngemva kokufakwa esikhumbeni noma ezinzipho, loma ngemizuzwana eyi-10 kuya kwengama-20 kuphela futhi lube nsundu ngokukhanyayo ngemva kokushiswa, okungagcini nje ngokuvimbela ukufiphala nokufiphala kophawu, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ngempumelelo ingozi yokungcoliswa okuphambene.
Uyinki wokukhetha, owaziwa nangokuthi uyinki ongapheli, wakhiwe ngokuyinhloko nge-nitrate yesiliva.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-16-2026