Uyinki womaka webhodi elimhlopheYasungulwa okokuqala phesheya kwezilwandle. Yasungulwa emazweni angaphandle ngawo-1960. Ngemva kokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, umkhiqizo wethulwa kancane kancane eShayina. Njengoba ukhula kakhulu enkampanini yezimboni zokubhala zasekhaya zaseShayina, usukhule waba yindawo ebalulekile yokuhweba kwamanye amazwe engasetshenziswa.
Ukufinyelela Indawo Egcwele Yoyinki Womaka Webhodi Elimhlophe
Uyinki womaka webhodi elimhlophe waqala ukwenziwa phesheya kwezilwandle.
Uyinki Womaka Webhodi ElimhlopheWavela Kwamanye Amazwe
Emuva ngawo-1960 nawo-1970, iYurophu, iMelika kanye neJapan bahola ekuthuthukiseni ama-“erable”uyinki womaka webhodi elimhlophe. Amafomula e-inki okuqala ayengabalulekile, enephunga elinamandla le-solvent kanye namabala asele aqinile ngemva kokusula. Ngemva kweminyaka yokwenziwa ngcono, ubuchwepheshe be-inki obungasuswa ngotshwala bavuthwa. Amazwe afana neJapane neJalimane ayazi kahle amasu okukhiqiza i-inki aphezulu futhi ahlinzeka ngezimakethe zamahhovisi nezokufundisa emhlabeni wonke ngobuningi. Emakethe yokuqala yomhlaba wonke, abakhiqizi be-inki baphesheya babephethe i-monopoly, kanti iShayina yayingangenisa i-inki eqediwe kuphela ukuze ikhiqize amamaki ebhodi elimhlophe.
Ngawo-1980, iShayina yaqala ukungenisa imishini yokukhiqiza amamaki ebhodi elimhlophe. Amabhizinisi endawo azama ukucwaninga nokuthuthukisa okuzimele kwe-uyinki womaka webhodi elimhlophe, kodwa imikhiqizo yasekhaya yokuqala yabhekana nokuqina okubi, izinkinga zokubola kwenhlabathi kanye nokungasulwa kahle, okwenza ukuba ingafanele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuthuthuka, ubuchwepheshe be-inki esuswayo encibilika ngotshwala sebuvuthiwe.
Emakethe yomhlaba wonke yasekuqaleni, iShayina yayikwazi ukungenisa kuphela uyinki oqediwe ukuze ikhiqize omaka bebhodi elimhlophe.
Ukuqala Kwemboni Yezinto Zokubhala Zasekhaya YaseShayina
Ngawo-1990, kwavela amaqoqo ezimboni zokubhala eShayina. Amakhulu ezimboni zokwenza amapeni ahluma kuzo zonke izifundazwe zaseJiangsu, eZhejiang naseGuangdong, okwenza ukukhula konyaka nonyaka komkhiqizo wezimpawu zebhodi elimhlophe. Noma kunjalo, uyinki osezingeni eliphezulu wawusathembele ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe, okwaholela ekuthunyelweni okulinganiselwe kwezimpawu zebhodi elimhlophe eziqediwe futhi cishe kungabi namandla okuthumela ngaphandle kweyinki ozimele.
Ngemva kokungena kweShayina kwi-WTO ngo-2001, kwavuleka zonke iziteshi zokuhweba kwamanye amazwe, okwaletha inkathi yegolide yokuthunyelwa kwezincwadi zokubhala kwamanye amazwe. Abakhiqizi be-inki baseShayina bacwaninga amafomula ayinhloko ahlanganisa ukusabalala kombala, ukwakheka kwefilimu ye-resin kanye nezinyibilikisi ezinobungani nemvelo. Baxazulula izithiyo zobuchwepheshe ngokulandelana njengokushesha ukoma, ukuqina kwesikhathi eside kanye nokusula okungenazinsalela, bafeza ukukhiqizwa okugcwele kwasekhaya kweuyinki womaka webhodi elimhlophe. Isekelwa yizindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi kanye nochungechunge oluphelele lokuhlinzeka oluphezulu noluphansi, izimpawu zebhodi elimhlophe zasekhaya ezikhiqizwe ngobuningi zathunyelwa phesheya kwezilwandle, futhi kancane kancane i-inki yalandela okufanayo ukuze ingene ezimakethe zomhlaba wonke zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, izindinganiso zemvelo zomhlaba wonke ziye zanda kakhulu, lapho i-EU kanye neNyakatho Melika bebeka imingcele eqinile ezintweni eziyingozi kuyinki yokubhala. Abakhiqizi beyinki basekhaya bathuthukise amafomula ngokusebenzisa izinyibilikisi ezisekelwe kutshwala ezinobuthi obuphansi ukuze bahlangabezane nezitifiketi zokuphepha zomhlaba wonke, bathuthukisa uyinki onobungani nemvelo ohambisana nezindinganiso zakwamanye amazwe. Namuhla, iShayina imi njengesisekelo sokukhiqiza esiyinhloko emhlabeni sama-whiteboard markers. Imikhiqizo yayo yeyinki ayigcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngezimboni zamapeni zasekhaya kodwa futhi ithunyelwa ngokwahlukana eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Afrika, eYurophu, eMelika nakwezinye izifunda.
Mayelana ne-OBOOCUyinki Womaka Webhodi Elimhlophe
I-OBOOCuyinki womaka webhodi elimhlopheinefomula esekelwe kutshwala enobungani nemvelo enemibala esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezithasiselo ezingenisiwe.
1. Imibala ecacile, egcwele, ebhalwe kahle futhi eyenzeka ngokushesha. Inamandla okumelana nokomisa okungapheli, ihlala isetshenziswa ngemva kokuchayeka emoyeni isikhathi eside, futhi ayishiyi lutho olubi ngemva kokusula amabhodi amhlophe.
2. Iphunga eliphansi elinomunyu, elihambisana nezindawo eziningi ezihlanganisa amabhodi amnyama, ingilazi kanye nepulasitiki, litholakala ngombala omnyama, obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza kanye neminye imibala.
3. Ukupakisha okunomthamo omkhulu okufanelekela ukugcwaliswa kabusha efektri kanye nokufakwa kwe-inki nsuku zonke. Ikhwalithi yayo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, okwenza kube yinto eluhlaza esezingeni eliphezulu yezimpawu zebhodi elimhlophe lezentengiselwano.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-07-2026